ABSTRACT
The literature on COVID-19 impacts overlooks the pandemic' impact on informal traders who operate in undesignated public spaces. While studies on the impact of COVID-19 on informal traders exist, there remains little focus on how the socio-economic livelihood activities of informal traders in undesignated public spaces, such as parks, who rely on both domestic and international tourists as customers, have been impacted. This paper fills this gap by focusing on two case studies of urban public spaces in the city of Tshwane, South Africa. These spaces are Jubilee Square and Magnolia Dell Park. The study is predicated on the spatial triad framework which enables it to interrogate how the restriction on access and utilisation of public spaces during the COVID-19 lockdown impacted on the socio-economic activities of informal traders. It found that informal traders in these two parks were the most vulnerable category of traders during the COVID-19 lockdown and faced huge socio-economic and livelihood challenges. They lost their income sources and had their social networks disrupted. The article proposes social policy interventions in the governance of public spaces as part of an effort to save both lives and livelihoods in the face of a pandemic. © The Authors.
ABSTRACT
The study investigates management and leadership ideas and practices that can guide the education sector toward digital transformation propelled by the Fourth Industrial Revolution following the COVID-19 epidemic. The study's fundamental claim is that due to the rapid changes in the political, cultural, social, economic, and technological environments, 21st-century society is demanding more on its members and the education sector to be better prepared for the global technological transformation right policies and principles in the management and leadership should be implemented. The systematic literature review analysis revealed that there should be less external management control and more decentralization in school administration and leadership. In this way, the education sector should advance the ideas of school-based administration, equifinality, and the idea that schools are self-managing systems. In other words, the industry should shift away from old notions that favour centralization, standard organization towards implementing school-based management of schools, a strategy for reducing COVID-19';s unfavourable short-and long-term consequences, giving the industry a stronger advantage in the age of technological transition. © 2022, North American Business Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The study explores the paradigms and theories of education that will help the education sector to move in the right direction in industry 4.0. The study takes issue with the rate and magnitude of disruptions brought by technology as a result application of the right policies and principles in the management, teaching and learning in the education sector could not only enable the sector to minimise the effects of disruptions but better position the sector towards the digital transformation. The study's major point is that due to rapid changes in political, cultural, social, economic, and technological situations, 21st-century society places a high demand on its members, and the situation is exacerbated by the presence of the COVID-19 epidemic. Using conceptual and content analysis of peer-reviewed journals, reports and books, the study found that the application of connectivism theory of learning, engagement theory, and cognitive theory of multimedia learning among others can help to move the education sector in the right direction despite the challenges brought by the digital transformation. The application of the theories and paradigms can help to minimise the effects of disruptions brought by technology in industry 4.0. The study concludes it is important to adopt a constructivism type of teaching to minimise the negative effects of technological advancement than steaking to a behaviourism type of teaching. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
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